HEProfiler: An In-Depth Profiler of Approximate Homomorphic Encryption Libraries

Jonathan Takeshita; Nirajan Koirala; Colin McKechney; Taeho Jung

Paper 2024/1059

HEProfiler: An In-Depth Profiler of Approximate Homomorphic Encryption Libraries

Jonathan Takeshita, University of Notre Dame

Nirajan Koirala

, University of Notre Dame

Colin McKechney, University of Notre Dame

Taeho Jung

, University of Notre Dame

Abstract

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computation on encrypted data. Various software libraries have implemented the approximate- arithmetic FHE scheme CKKS, which is highly useful for applications in machine learning and data analytics; each of these libraries have differing performance and features. It is useful for developers and researchers to learn details about these libraries’ performance and their differences. Some previous work has profiled FHE and CKKS implementations for this purpose, but these comparisons are limited in their fairness and completeness. In this article, we compare four major libraries supporting the CKKS scheme. Working with the maintainers of each of the PALISADE, Microsoft SEAL, HElib, and HEAAN libraries, we devise methods for fair comparisons of these libraries, even with their widely varied development strategies and library architectures. To show the practical performance of these libraries, we present HEProfiler, a simple and extensible framework for profiling C++ FHE libraries. Our experimental evaluation is complete in both the scope of tasks tested and metrics evaluated, allowing us to draw conclusions about the behaviors of different libraries under a wide range of real-world workloads. This is the first work-giving experimental comparisons of different bootstrapping-capable CKKS libraries.

Note: This paper has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Cryptographic Engineering.

Metadata

Available format(s): PDF
Category: Cryptographic protocols
Publication info: Published elsewhere. Minor revision. Journal of Cryptographic Engineering
Keywords: CKKS scheme Fully Homomorphic Encryption Profiler
Contact author(s): jtakeshi @ nd edu
nkoirala @ nd edu
cmckechn @ alumni nd edu
tjung @ nd edu
History: 2024-06-30: approved; 2024-06-28: received; See all versions
Short URL: https://ia.cr/2024/1059
License: CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2024/1059,
      author = {Jonathan Takeshita and Nirajan Koirala and Colin McKechney and Taeho Jung},
      title = {{HEProfiler}: An In-Depth Profiler of Approximate Homomorphic Encryption Libraries},
      howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2024/1059},
      year = {2024},
      note = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1059}},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1059}
}